Advances on the technique of three-dimensional intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer / 中国辐射卫生

Cervical cancer is a common female reproductive system malignant in developing countries. Radiotherapy plays a very important role in the treatment of cervical cancer, and brachytherapy is an essential part of cervical cancer radiotherapy. With the rapid development of CT and MRI imaging technology, brachytherapy cervical cancer has gradually developed from the traditional two-dimensional image-guided technology to three-dimensional image-guided technology. There are more and more treatment methods, including intracavitary brachytherapy, interstitial brachytherapy and intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy. This paper reviews several common techniques of three-dimensional brachytherapy for cervical cancer, and discusses the dosimetric feasibility of internal and external integration irradiation.

Microorganisms in the typical anaerobic digestion system of organic solid wastes: a review / 生物工程学报

The facultative anaerobic and strict anaerobic microorganisms enriched and acclimated during the anaerobic digestion process are crucial for the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion system. Most of the problems encountered during running anaerobic digestion processes could be effectively improved via stimulation of microbial metabolic activity. Benefited from the rapid development of microbiome techniques, deeper insights into the microbial diversity in anaerobic digestion systems, e.g. the microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-environment interactions, have been gained. A complex and intricate metabolic network exists in the anaerobic digestion system of solid organic wastes. However, little is known about these interactions and the underlying mechanisms. This review briefly summarized the representative interactions between microbial communities during anaerobic digestion process discovered to date. In addition, typical issues encountered during the anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes and how microbes can tackle and alleviate these issues were discussed. Finally, future priorities on microbiome research were proposed based on present contribution of microbiome analysis in anaerobic digestion system.

Expert consensus on microbiome sequencing and analysis / 生物工程学报

In the past ten years, the research and application of microbiome has continued to increase. The microbiome has gradually become the research focus in the fields of life science, environmental science, and medicine. Meanwhile, many countries and organizations around the world are launching their own microbiome projects and conducting a multi-faceted layout, striving to gain a strategic position in this promising field. In addition, whether it is scientific research or industrial applications, there has been a climax of research and a wave of investment and financing, accordingly, products and services related to the microbiome are constantly emerging. However, due to the rapid development of microbiome sequencing and analysis related technologies and methods, the research and application from various countries have not yet unified on the standards of technology, programs, and data. Domestic industry participants also have insufficient understanding of the microbiome. New methods, technologies, and theories have not yet been fully accepted and used. In addition, some of the existing standards and guidelines are too general with poor practicality. This not only causes obstacles in the integration of scientific research data and waste of resources, but also gives related companies unfair competition opportunity. More importantly, China still lacks national standards related to the microbiome, and the national microbiome project is still in the process of preparation. In this context, the experts and practitioners of the microbiome worked together and developed the consensus of experts. It can not only guide domestic scientific research and industrial institutions to regulate the production, learning and research of the microbiome, the application can also provide reference technical basis for the relevant national functional departments, protect the scale and standardized corporate company's interests, strengthen industry self-discipline, avoid unregulated enterprises from disrupting the market, and ultimately promote the benign development of microbiome-related industries.

Progress in research into tendon-to-bone attachment, from structure, development, treatment to animal models / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Tendon-to-bone attachment, the junction of tendon and bone, is a special complex structure which spreads stress from skeletal muscles to bone, effectively reducing the stress concentration and balancing elastic modulus between tendon and bone. Injury to its interface is a kind of trauma in sports, such as rotator cuff tear, ACL/PCL tear and the Achilles tendon injury. The enthesis is not regenerated after injury and the healing enthesis consists of disorganized scar tissue, resulting in a high rate of rupture recurrence. Given a high incidence of tendon and ligament injuries and complex structural and cellular composition of the native enthesis, the reparative strategies for tendon-to-bone attachment are facing great dificulties. Although injury to tendon-to-bone attachment is always a major concern and challenge in sports medicine, not much is known about its pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the recent literature published at home and abroad from 4 perspectives of structure, development, treatment and animal models of enthesis. We hope this review may help clinical professionals understand more about the tendon-to-bone attachment.

Progress in research into tendon-to-bone attachment, from structure, development, treatment to animal models / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Tendon-to-bone attachment,the junction of tendon and bone,is a special complex structure which spreads stress from skeletal muscles to bone,effectively reducing the stress concentration and balancing elastic modulus between tendon and bone.Injury to its interface is a kind of trauma in sports,such as rotator cuff tear,ACL/PCL tear and the Achilles tendon injury.The enthesis is not regenerated after injury and the healing enthesis consists of disorganized scar tissue,resulting in a high rate of rupture recurrence.Given a high incidence of tendon and ligament injuries and complex structural and cellular composition of the native enthesis,the reparative strategies for tendon-to-bone attachment are facing great dificulties.Although injury to tendon-to-bone attachment is always a major concern and challenge in sports medicine,not much is known about its pathogenesis.In this review,we summarize the recent literature published at home and abroad from 4 perspectives of structure,development,treatment and animal models of enthesis.We hope this review may help clinical professionals understand more about the tendon-to-bone attachment.

Formulation of Criterion for Clinical Application of Shuxuetong Injection by Clinical Pharmacists in Our Hospital Based on Evidence Quality Evaluation Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for strengthening clinical application of key monitoring drugs and promoting rational drug use in clinic. METHODS： Based on evidence-based medicine， taking key monitoring drugs Shuxuetong injection as example， clinical evidence of domestic and foreign clinical studies were collected. The included literatures were graded according to the quality of GRADE evidence and recommended strength system. Evidence-based medicine evidence for the indications of Shuxuetong injection were evaluated， and criterion for clinical use of Shuxuetong injection was formulated in Huaihua First People’s Hospital （our hospital）. RESULTS： The main content of criterion for clinical application of Shuxuetong injection formulated by our hospital was that there was A-level evidence support for acute ischemic cerebral infarction， but it was weakly recommended and only used for adjuvant therapy； there was B-level evidence support for anticoagulation （for preventing DVT）， diabetic peripheral nerve lesion， but it was weakly recommended； there was only C-level or D-level evidence support for other indications， it was strongly recommendation against use. CONCLUSIONS： Clinical pharmacists formulate the criterion for clinical application of Shuxuetong injection by evidence quality evaluation method， provide reference for clinical application management of key monitoring drug and play an important effect on rational drug use in clinic.

Application of inverse planning simulated annealing in the treatment of cervical cancer with combined intracavitary and interstitial three-dimensional brachytherapy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of an inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) in the treatment of cervical cancer with combined intracavitary and interstitial three-dimensional brachytherapy.Methods A total of 60 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who received both external beam radiotherapy and combined intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy in our hospital from October 2016 to July 2018 were enrolled.Patients were divided into four groups with 15 patients each according to the number of needles applied (1,2,3,and 4 needles,respectively).Dosimetric distributions were optimized with both Graphical optimization (GRO) and IPSA.Paired t-test was applied to compare the dosimetric differences between plans optimized with GRO and IPSA.Results The Dg0 and V100 of IPSA plans were higher than those of GRO (t=-4.742,-4.823,P＜0.05),while the conformity index (CI) and conformal index (COIN) were slightly lower than those of GRO plans (t=9.642,8.783,P＜0.05).No significant difference in the V150,V200,V300 between IPSA and GRO (P＞0.05) was observed.There was also no significant difference in the D2cm3 of bladder and rectum between IPSA and GRO (P＞0.05).The difference of Dg0 between IPSA and GRO was increased as the number of implanted needles increased,which increased from 4 cGy to 14 cGy as the number of needle increased from 1 to 4.The difference of V100 between GRO and IPSA was also increased as the number of needle increased.Conclusions In the treatment of cervical cancer with combined intracavitary and interstitial threedimensional brachytherapy,IPSA plan could improve the target coverage(D90,V100)without increasing the dose to the OARs and high dose region in the target compared with GRO.With the numbers of needles increased,the advantage of IPSA increased in terms of target coverage.

Increasing oxaliplatin sensitivity by down-regulation the expression of EZH2 in human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) knockdown on chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin in human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA) fragments were designed and synthesized for EZH2 mRNA sequence and divided into siRNA-1 group,siRNA-2 group and siRNA-3 group.They were transfected into gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.The negative control group and blank control group were set up at the same time.The expressions of EZH2 mRNA and protein in the SGC7901 cells were detected by quantitative real-time polyme-rase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting.CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation inhibition rates of SGC7901 cells treated by different concentrations of oxaliplatin.Results After transfection of EZH2 siRNA,the relative expression levels of EZH2 mRNA in siRNA-1 group,siRNA-2 group,siRNA-3 group were 0.615 ±0.190,0.241 ±0.152 and 0.450 ± 0.097.The relative expression levels of EZH2 mRNA of the three groups were lower than that in the negative control group (1.165 ± 0.376),and the differences were statistically significant (P =0.028;P =0.002;P =0.007).After transfection of the best siRNA fragment into SGC7901 gastric cancer cells,the relative expre-ssion levels of EZH2 protein in interference group,blank control group and negative control group were 0.036 ± 0.017,0.362 ± 0.026 and 0.398 ± 0.036,and the diffe-rence among the three groups was statistically significant (F =157.745,P ＜ 0.001).The difference between interference group and negative control group was statistically significant (P =0.001),as compared with the blank control group (P =0.002).When oxaliplatin concentration was 2,4,8 and 16 μg/ml,the differences of cell proliferation inhibition rate among interference group,negative control group and blank control group were statistically significant [(18.107 ± 2.822)％,(5.867±2.272)％,(5.333 ±1.883)％,F=28.185,P=0.001;(54.953 ±2.550)％,(22.177±1.871)％,(20.077±6.032)％,F=74.206,P＜0.001;(60.337±1.641)％,(34.597± 3.592)％,(30.227 ±5.273)％,F=54.897,P＜0.001;(78.340 ±2.081)％,(61.857 ±3.507)％,(63.077 ± 8.473) ％,F =8.586,P =0.017].There was no significant difference among groups of oxaliplatin at the concentration of 32 μg/ml [(83.450 ±3.715)％,(72.190 ±3.948)％,(70.731 ± 17.080)％,F=1.358,P =0.326].The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of oxaliplatin in siRNA group,negative control group and blank control group were 5.178,12.643,13.601 μg/ml.Conclusion Down-regulation of EZH2 gene expression can significantly inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells,and effectively enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin,which indicates EZH2 may play important roles in the development of gastric cancer chemotherapy.These results provide an important theoretical basis for gene therapy of gastric cancer.

Effect of independent breath-holding technology on target geometry in radiotherapy for liver cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To use the fusion image of the end-inhalation holding (EIH) phase and endexhalation holding (EEH) phase to define the target volume of individual patient with liver cancer,and to evaluate the target geometry,feasibility,and clinical significance of the technology.Methods Eighteen patients with liver caucer who were treated in our hospital from 2012 to 2013 were enrolled as subjects.With the same posture and scan range,all patients underwent contrast-enhanced three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) scans in the phases of free breathing (FB),EIH,and EEH.Gross tumor volume (GTV),clinical target volume (CTV),and organ of risk (OAR) were delineated on the above images.CTVFB was defined as GTV on the FB phase image (GTVFB) plus a margin of 10 mm,while planning target volume (PTVFB) was defined as CTVFB plus a margin of 10 mm in the right-left and anterior-posterior directions and a margin of 20 mm in the superior-inferior direction.GTVEI and GTVEE were defined as GTV on the EIH and EEH images,respectively.Based on the EEH images,the registered EEH and EIH images were fused to form GTVEI+EI.CTVEI+EE was defined as GTVEI+EI plus a margin of 10 mm,while PTVEI+EE was defined as CTVEI+EE plus a margin of 5 mm in the right-left and anterior-posterior directions and a margin of 10 mm in the superior-inferior direction.The Pinnacle3 v8.0m treatment planning system was used to design two 3D conformal radiotherapy plans for each patient.The volume,degree of inclusion (DI),matching index (MI),and central displacement of CTVFB and CTVEI+EE,as well as PTVFB and PTVEI+EE,were compared between the two plans.Results In the 18 patients,the mean CTVFB was significantly smaller than the mean CTVEI+EE(149.00±87.54 cm3 vs.188.17± 125.72 cm3,P=0.014);there was no significant difference between the mean PTVFB and PTVEI+EE (276.68± 146.41 cm3 vs.253.66± 117.35 cm3,P=0.080).DI of CTVFB to CTVEI+EF,PTVFB to PTVEI+EE,CTVEI+EE to CTVFB,and PTVEI+EE to PTVFB were (99.83±0.09)％,(84.55±8.45) ％,(80.83± 12.31) ％,and (99.78±0.08) ％,respectively.MI of CTVEI+EE to CTVFB and PTVEI+EE to PTVFB were 0.83± 0.07 and 0.87± 0.03,respectively.The central displacements of CTVEI+EE from CTVFB in x,y,and z axes were 0.55± 1.07 cm,0.76±3.02 cm,and-0.26± 1.98 cm,respectively (P =0.432,0.971,0.587).Conclusions In the treatment of liver cancer,the target volume delineation and image fusion using 3DCT images in EIH and EEH phases may avoid target omission due to respiratory movement,making it possible to increase radiation dose to target volume and improve the efficacy of radiotherapy.

Knowledge Discovery In Terms of Sunshine Diagram of Multi-layer Complex Concept Network Express on Urination Formula-syndrome inTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to discover the knowledge of urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasebased on the Sunshine diagram of multi-layer complex concept network express. A total of 39 items about urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasewere collected, and then regulated into standard expression. The database was established and the multi-layer complex concept network express was constructed. The Sunshine diagram was drawn and the connotation rules on urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasewere summarized through mode development of the diagram. The results showed that the Sunshine diagram collected 44 objects (i.e., formulas) and 191 properties (i.e. syndromes), which expressed the urination formula-syndrome visually. It was concluded that the application of Sunshine diagram in the formula-syndrome knowledge based on multi-layer complex concept network express provided certain references on the inheritance and development of classics in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Progress in the biomarker discovery for drug-induced liver injury / 药学学报

The leading cause of drug withdrawal from market and clinical trials failure is drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Varying clinical, histological and laboratory features of DILI, as well as undefined underlying mechanisms, hinder patients to be diagnosed in the early-stage of the disease and receive effective treatments. Conventional indicators, like serum transaminases and bilirubin, have inevitable limitations referring to sensitive prediction and specific detection of DILI. In order to reduce the occurrence of DILI, researchers have attempted to discover potential biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity from blood and urine in recent years. This article aims to review recent advances in biomarkers of DILI.

Progress in the biomarker discovery for drug-induced liver injury / 药学学报

The leading cause of drug withdrawal from market and clinical trials failure is drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Varying clinical, histological and laboratory features of DILI, as well as undefined underlying mechanisms, hinder patients to be diagnosed in the early-stage of the disease and receive effective treatments. Conventional indicators, like serum transaminases and bilirubin, have inevitable limitations referring to sensitive prediction and specific detection of DILI. In order to reduce the occurrence of DILI, researchers have attempted to discover potential biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity from blood and urine in recent years. This article aims to review recent advances in biomarkers of DILI.

Knowledge Discovery in Terms of Multilayer Complex Concept Network Express on Key Formulae in Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Based on formal concept analysis theory, formal context of formulae, herbs and their relationship was cre-ated in this article first. Then, the created formal context would be divided and optimized according to classification method in Shang Han Lun Lei Fang written by Xu Lingtai, such as Guizhi Tang category, Chaihu Tang category, Xiexin Tang category, and etc. Multilayer complex concept network was used in the description of the universality and particularity of things. The multilayer complex concept network figure of key-formula-classified formulae was completed on the subgroup structure and visualized express of formulae, herbs and their relationship in the Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease. This is a new attempt of integrated information technology with diseases harmed by cold in traditional Chinese medicine. It will bring great benefit in relearning traditional classification methods and promoting inheritance and innovation of study on the Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease.

Fine-needle aspiration with measurement of parathyroid hormone levels in thyroidectomy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Hypoparathyroidism is one of the most serious complications of thyroidectomy. It is important to identify the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. In order to find an economic, simple and less traumatic way to identify the parathyroid glands and testify its feasibility, fine-needle aspiration of suspected parathyroid tissue was used to measure the parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels during the surgical procedure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Nov. 2011 to Apr. 2012, 50 patients were recruited for thyroid surgery in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre. During surgery, fine-needle aspiration of suspected tissues, including parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, muscle, fat tissue, and lymph node, was performed, the PTH levels were measured. In addition, the tissues above-mentioned were taken to pathological examination. Statistical processing was adopted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative fine-needle aspiration with measurement of PTH level in finding the pathology of the parathyroid gland.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 237 tissues from 50 patients in total, and 45 of them were certified as the parathyroid glands by pathology. Intra-operative PTH (ioPTH) of the tissues in forty-four cases were higher than 600 ng/L, ioPTH of the tissues in one case was lower than 600 ng/L, and it was 160 ng/L. The highest ioPTH in other cases was 537.7 ng/L. The sensitivity was 97.8%. The specificity was 100%. The difference between the sensitivity and the specificity of two groups was not statistically significant, and P > 0.05. The level of PTH of parathyroid gland were much higher than other tissues, and P < 0.001.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The level of ioPTH of parathyroid gland were far higher than thyroid, muscle, fat, lymph node. It is an economic, fast and less traumatic way to identify the parathyroid gland by using the fine-needle aspiration of the parathyroid tissue with measurement of PTH levels. The sensitivity and the specificity are high. It can be used in the thyroidectomy to identify the parathyroid glands.</p>

Application of cDNA array for studying the gene expression profile of mature appressoria of Magnaporthe grisea / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Appressorium is an infection structure of the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Analysis of gene expression profiles of appressorium development provides insight into the molecular basis of pathogenicity and control of this fungal plant disease. A cDNA array representing 2927 unique genes based on a large EST (expressed sequence tag) database of M. grisea strain Y34 was constructed and used to profile the gene expression patterns at mycelium and appressorium maturation stages. Compared with mycelia, 55 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated genes were identified in mature appressoria. Among 77 genes, 16 genes showed no similarity to the genome sequences of M. grisea. A novel homologue of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase was found to be expressed at low-level in mature appressoria of M. grisea. The results indicated that the genes such as pyruvate carboxylase, phospholipid metabolism-related protein and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism and glycolysis, showed differential expression in mature appressoria. Furthermore, genes such as PTH11, beta subunit of G protein and SGT1 involved in cell signalling, were expressed differentially in mature appressoria. Northern blot analysis was used to confirm the cDNA array results.

Studies on chemical constituents from bark of Biebersteinia heterostemon / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the whote plant Biebersteinia heterostemon (Geraniaceae).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The ethanol extract of the whole plants was separated by various chromatographic methods and the compounds from the extract were identified by spectroscopic evidence including MS, IR, NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Three isoprenyl guanidine derivatives were isolated from the whole plant of Biebersteinia heterostemon and identified as galegine (1) , cis-4-hydroxygalegine (2) and trans-4-hydroxygalegine (3).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The three compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

Investigation on Sleep Snoring and Relative Morbidities in Children Aged 3 to 14 Years Old in Nanning City / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the occurrence of sleep snoring and relative morbidities in preschool and early school children aged 3 to 14 years old in Nanning city.Methods A population-based cross-sectional study of children aged form 3 to 14 years old was conducted,12 kindergartens,8 prime schools and 6 junior high schools were randomly selected and information was collected using a parent-completed questionnaire to ascertain snoring or habitual snoring and correlated symptom.The response rate was 90.6%,8 150 of 9 000 questionnaire were fully completed and 6 999 questionnaires were available.Results The prevalence of snoring in preschool and school children were reported in 32.7%,the incidence rate of sleep snoring in boys was 44.22%,which was higher than that in girls(28.58%)(P

Application of high-resolution ultrasound and CDFI-guided minimally invasive operation for breast lesions / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the application and the good qualities of high-resolution ultrasound and CDFI-guided mammotome minimally invasive biopsy device in the diagnosis and treatment of breast lesions.Methods The common clinical operations and the lesions which were guided mammotome minimally invasive biopsy device by high-resolution ultrasound and CDFI were contrasted.The effects of treatment were evaluated.Results 307 le- sions of 102 patients were removed by this method,and the operational process was successful.Patients' skin lacera- tions were tiny.Only one lesion was clinically diagnosed as mild blood clot under skin,but without other complica- tions.Conclusion Contrasted with the common clinily operations.the high-resolution ultrasound and CDFI-guided mammotome minimally invasive biopsy device in the diagnosis and treatment of breast lesion is effective,and the scar is tiny.It releases patients' pain.